Livelihood in Myanmar

Livelihood in Myanmar Significance of the Study Myanmar is the agricultural based economy with very rich resources. Agricultural, including livestock and fishery is most important sector for Myanmars economy. The key crops for the agricultural sector are rice, pulses, beans, sesame, peanuts, sugarcane and etc. Nearly three quarters of the population who live in rural areas main livelihood depend on that sector. Environmental resources directly support the basis of the livelihoods of poor people in Myanmar. Myanmar faces environmental problems arising from underdevelopment and poverty. It has some problems of deforestation, loss of biological resources, land degradation due to wind and water erosion, urbanization and mismanagement. Every economic action can have some effect on the environment, and every environmental change can have an impact on the economy. Environmental management, such as, forestry operations; improvements in air quality; changes in environmental institutions and governance; and investment in water and sanitation infrastructure are important. Poor countries are much more dependent on natural resources as assets than rich countries. Wealthier households have greater access to environmental infrastructure and better health outcomes. Health targets requires public policies that focus on reducing environmental risk factors through better access to basic environmental services, as well as better access to health and education services. A link between natural resources, the environment and poverty is at least plausible. Environmental change, particularly of local natural resources, can affect poverty through many pathways. Consider poor households welfare depend on assets that the household has. These assets may include biophysical, human, environmental, and constructed capital. At any point in time, household well being depends on the return to these assets and any exogenous shocks. Exogenous shocks simply reflect unexpected changes as a result of natural disasters, death, or market changes. Further, returns to assets generally have two components: (1) known returns (2) an uncertain component that depends on weather, sickness, and so on. Changes in welfare can thus result from three types of changes: (1) changes in asset holdings, (2) changes in returns to these holdings (3) changes in exogenous income, which can be positive or negative. While we use household income and welfare interchangeably, we recognize that income is only one measure of well being. Changes in environmental management can have two effects in the short to medium term. First, it can change the return to assets. Agro-forestry techniques might contribute to improved indoor air quality, health, and productivity. Then, second, improved environmental quality would be to add greater value to the flows from household land or labor. Any Health improvements that come from environmental management will also have direct welfare impacts that are independent of productivity improvements. Changes in resource management can also increase household assets. Improved environmental quality may contribute to reduced mortality and greater labor power. It is important to recognize that labor is often only asset that poor households have, and that sickness and death can have intergenerational affects. Any improvement in environmental health can have long-term impacts on households ability to move out of poverty. Environmental changes can contribute to unexpected shocks. Climate change can increase the variability of returns, for example, with greater variation in rainfall patterns, the variability of crop yields may increase. On 2 and 3 May Cyclone Nargis struck Myanmar and 31 townships were significantly affected by the cyclone in Ayarwaddy Division and Yangon Division. The damage was most severe in the Delta region, also known as the countys rice bowl. Delta is by no means of poorest parts on Myanmar. However, development is relatively limited. As agriculture is the driving force for that area, the uncertainties impact on the households of income in others sectors. The people in Delta are primarily farmers, fisher man and labors, with a smaller proportion engaged in the service industries and as traders. Approximately 50-60 percents of families in the Delta are engaged in agriculture. River basin areas are removed the covering by forest, leading to kore frequent and severe flooding. After that disaster, many aids projects are supporting for the vulnerable. It has been after two years Nargis. The aids agencies are still supporting for them. However, they support most of the people in rural areas are much worse off today than a decade ago. Farmers incomes are barely enough to provide food, with left over for clothing, school fees, shelters, supplies or medicine. Environmental problems including deteriorating water supply and diminishing common property resources further impact the poor. This study focuses on the farmers from the Pyapon Township from Nargis Affected area. As mentioned above, that area is very important for the agriculture sector, it has been two years after Nargis, the situation of farmers are remain unchanged. The research will find out, how the poor families coping with collapsing livelihood and income? and what are the problems for them? And what are the immediate aids for farmers to solve these problems? Do the recovery aids for livelihood of farmers improve their welfare environmentally, technically and economically? The more the environment is used up by this mining of the land, trees, fishes and other resources, the frequent and severe floods, drought and other national disaster will be. Now, there are changes in delta hydrology caused by the flooding and impact on soil quality due to salt water erosion. There is also less fresh water at that area. Which problems they will face later? What kids of environmental management technique for their improvement? What should be done to overturn the current trend?

Morality and Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown Essay -- Young Goodman Br

"Young Goodman Brown" was published in 1835, when Nathaniel Hawthorne was 31 years old. Hawthorne was born and reared in Salem, Massachusetts, a village still permeated by its 17th century Puritanism. When he was four, Hawthorne's father   died, and from that point on he was surrounded mostly by females: two sisters, a maiden aunt, and a retiring mother who was not close to her children. He had little contact with his deceased father's family, but his maternal relatives were supportive and saw to it that he attended college, the first in his family to do so (Turner 33). During four years at college, despite his reclusive nature, he established close friendships with his male classmates, several of which he maintained for life. These four years of shared human companionship were contrasted by the following twelve years of self-imposed isolation spent in the upper floor of his mother's home in Salem, trying to master the art of writing. It was during those twelve years of isolation, while researching local New England history for background use in his fiction, that Hawthorne made a startling discovery. His 17th century paternal ancestors, whom he had assumed to have been yeoman farmers or seafaring men, had been illustrious founders as well as political and religious Puritan leaders of Salem. "Young Goodman Brown" was influenced by this Puritan heritage; by Hawthorne's personality which had acquired a skeptical, dual-outlook on life; and by Hawthorne's mental and moral beliefs thathe revealed. Hawthorne struggles with his own morality within his own biographical framework in "Young Goodman Brown." Hawthorne viewed his Puritan ancestors with a mixture of pride and guilt. He felt pride in seeing the history of his own family inter... ...: Alfred A. Knopf, 1971. Canby, Henry Seidel. Classic Americans: A Study of Eminent American Writers from Irving to Whitman. New York: Russell and Russell, 1939. Donaldson, Scott and Ann Massa. American Literature: Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century. New York: Harper and Row, 1978. Fogle, Richard Harter. Hawthorne's Fiction: The Light and the Dark. Norman: U of Oklahoma P, 1952. Hawthorne, Nathaniel. "Young Goodman Brown." 1835. The Heath Anthology of American Literature. Ed. Paul Lauter et al. 2nd ed. Vol. 1. Lexington: Heath, 1944. 2129-38. Johnson, Claudia D. The Productive Tension of Hawthorne's Art. University: U of Alabama P, 1981. Turner, Arlin. Nathaniel Hawthorne: A Biography. New York: Oxford UP, 1980. Ziff, Larzer. Literary Democracy: The Declaration of Cultural Independence in America. New York: Viking Press, 1981.

HRM Goals

HRM has three basic goals, which contribute to achieving management objectives: First goal is integration of HRM in two senses: integrating HRM into an organization's corporate strategy, and ensuring an HRM view in the decisions and actions of line managers. Integration in the first sense involves selecting the HRM options consistent with (and which promote) the particular corporate strategy. The option Is determined by the type of employee behavior expected (e. g. innovation) needed to further the corporate strategy.Second goal of HRM is securing commitment through building strong cultures. Third goal of HRM is to achieve flexibility and adaptability to manage change and Innovation In response to rapid changes consequent upon globalization. The principal objectives of HRM: To help the organization reach its goals. To employ the skills and abilities of the workforce efficiently. To provide the organization with well-trained and well-motivated employees. To Increase to the fullest the employee's job satisfaction and self-actualization. To develop and maintain uality of work life.To communicate HR policies to all employees To be ethically and socially responsive to the needs of society. HRM helps an organization and its people to realize their respective goals: At the enterprise levels: 1) Good human resource practices can help In attracting and retaining the best people in the organization. Planning alerts the company to the types it will need in the short medium and long run. 2) It helps In training people for challenging roles, developing right attitudes towards the Job and the company promoting team spirit mong employees and developing loyalty and commitment through appropriate reward schemes.At the individual level, Effective management of HR helps employees thus: 1) It promotes teamwork and team splrlt among employees. 2) It offers excellent growth opportunities to people who have the potential to rise. 3) It allows people to work with diligence and commitm ent. At the society level: Society, as a whole is the major beneficiary of good human resources practices 1) Employment opportunities multiply. 2) Scarce talents are put to best use. Companies that pay and treat people well always race ahead of others and deliver excellent results.At the national level: Effective use of human resources helps in exploitation of natural, physical and financial resources in a better way. People with right skills, proper attitudes and appropriate values help the nation to get ahead and compete with the best In the world leading to better standard. Real Example, HPH – AICT my current work environment HRM goals: First goal is integration of HRM in two senses: integrating HRM into an organization's corporate strategy, and ensuring an HRM view in the decisions and actions of line managers For Instance, the HRM policies In relation to recruitment, appraisal, compensation, training, etc. re related to the business strategyemoval of narrow Job classific ations

List of Planned Parenthoods Services

Planned Parenthood was founded in 1916 by Margaret Sanger, to provide women with more and better control over their bodies and reproductive functions. According to the Planned Parenthood website: In 1916, Planned Parenthood was founded on the idea that women should have the information and care they need to live strong, healthy lives and fulfill their dreams. Today, Planned Parenthood affiliates operate more than 600 health centers across the United States, and Planned Parenthood is the nation’s leading provider and advocate of high-quality, affordable health care for women, men, and young people. Planned Parenthood is also the nation’s largest provider of sex education. ​ Underwood Archives / Getty Images Of course, the specific services and offerings provided by Planned Parenthood have changed a great deal over the years. Nevertheless, its basic purpose has remained the same. Today, the organization runs  56 independent local affiliates that operate more than 600 health centers throughout the U.S. Services are typically paid for by Medicaid or health insurance; some clients pay directly. How Much Dedicated to Abortions? Although the name Planned Parenthood clearly states the primary objective of the organization—responsible family planning—it has been portrayed by opponents such as Arizona Senator Jon Kyl who famously announced on the Senate floor on April 8, 2011, that providing abortions is well over 90 percent of what Planned Parenthood does. (Hours later, Kyles office made it clear the senators comment was not intended to be a factual statement.) The senators statement had its roots in misleading information provided by an organization called the Susan B. Anthony List (SBA.) According to the Washington Post, The  SBA List, which opposes abortion rights, arrives at its 94 percent figure by comparing abortions to two other categories of services that are provided to pregnant patients — or pregnancy services.† According to Planned Parenthood itself, of  10.6 million services provided in 2013, 327,653 of them (about 3% of total services) were abortion procedures. The other 97% includes testing and treatment of sexually transmitted diseases, contraception, cancer screening and prevention, and pregnancy testing and prenatal services.   The Washington Post notes, however, that Planned Parenthoods figures also are misleading and its Fact Checker gives both sides Three Pinocchios. The Post says of Planned Parenthood, The organization treats each service—pregnancy test, STD test, abortion, birth control—equally. Yet there are obvious difference between a surgical (or even medical) abortion, and offering a urine (or even blood) pregnancy test. These services are not all comparable in how much they cost or how extensive the service or procedure is. Non-Abortion Services Provided Planned Parenthood provides a huge range of health, reproductive, and counseling services for both men and women. Below is a breakdown of all patient care services. The majority of services provided relate to STD (sexually transmitted disease) testing and treatment, with another very large percentage dedicated to birth control, provided by Planned Parenthood affiliate health centers. Newer Service and Programs: Zika Education and PreventionTransgender and LGBT Healthcare ServicesHIV PreventionClinical ResearchOnline and Video CounselingMobile apps to support medical regimens  Planned Parenthood Generation Action college campus chapters  Mens Health Programs General Health Services: Anemia TestingCheckups for Sexual Health ProblemsCholesterol ScreeningColon Cancer ScreeningDiabetes ScreeningEmployment and Sports PhysicalsFlu VaccinationHigh Blood Pressure ScreeningRape Crisis Counseling ReferralsRoutine Physical ExamsSmoking CessationTetanus VaccinationThyroid ScreeningUTI Testing and Treatment Pregnancy Testing and Services: Pregnancy TestingAdoption ServicesAdoption ReferralsFertility Awareness Education  Pregnancy Planning ServicesPrenatal ServicesChildbirth ClassesPostpartum ExamsTrained Staff to Discuss Options If You Are PregnantTrained Staff to Talk with You About Miscarriage Birth Control: Birth Control ImplantBirth Control PatchBirth Control PillBirth Control ShotBirth Control SpongeBirth Control Vaginal RingCervical CapDiaphragmCondomFC2 Female CondomFertility Awareness Method (FAMs)IUD (hormonal, copper)SpermicideMens Sterilization (Vasectomy)Sterilization (Essure, Tubal Ligation) Emergency Contraception: Birth Control Pills as Emergency ContraceptionMorning-after Pill (Plan B and Similar Brands)Morning-after Pill (Ella)IUD (Copper)